The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York City on March 25, 1911, one of the deadliest in US history, killed 146 garment workers – 123 women and 23 men – who died from the fire, smoke inhalation, or falling or jumping to their deaths. Most of the victims were recent Jewish and Italian immigrant women aged 16 to 23. Even the corrupt Tammany Hall politicians understood that reforms were necessary, investigated the catastrophe and inspected other factories, leading to unprecedented regulations of worker conditions that eventually spread nationwide and inspired the New Deal itself.
FDR Labor Secretary Frances Perkins (the first woman Cabinet member in U.S. history): “The New Deal began on March 25, 1911, the day the Triangle Factory burned. We banded ourselves together, moved by a sense of stricken guilt to prevent this from ever happening again. “